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                                                                Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sri Lanka, served as the island's capital from the 11th to the 13th century. The city is renowned for its well-preserved ruins, including palaces, monasteries, Buddhist and Hindu temples, dagobas, and statues, reflecting the architectural and artistic achievements of ancient Sri Lanka. Among the most significant shrines in Polonnaruwa is the Gal Vihara, also known as the Uttararama. This rock temple,

 established in the 12th century by King Parakramabahu I, features four Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock face. These statues—a large seated figure, a smaller seated figure inside an artificial cavern, a standing figure, and a reclining figure—are considered masterpieces of ancient Sinhalese sculpting. Another notable shrine is the Vatadage, a circular relic house believed to have been built to hold the Tooth Relic of the Buddha. It showcases intricate stone carvings and is an exemplary representation of Sri Lankan architectural design.

 The Hatadage, constructed by King Nissanka Malla, is another significant relic shrine that once housed sacred Buddhist relics. Its stone walls and carvings highlight the craftsmanship of the period. Polonnaruwa also features Hindu shrines, such as the Shiva Devale No.2, the oldest Hindu temple in the city. Built during the Chola occupation, it reflects the South Indian architectural influence and underscores the religious diversity of the era.

 These shrines, among others in Polonnaruwa, offer insight into the city's historical and cultural significance, showcasing the religious and artistic heritage of ancient Sri Lanka.

The shortest and most efficient driving route from Colombo to Polonnaruwa is approximately 140 miles (225 kilometers) and typically takes about 4 to 5 hours, depending on traffic conditions. 

*Recommended Route:*

1. *Colombo to Kurunegala:*

   - From Colombo, head north on the A1 highway towards Kurunegala.

   - This segment covers approximately 94 kilometers and usually takes around 2 hours.

2. *Kurunegala to Dambulla:*

   - From Kurunegala, continue on the A6 highway towards Dambulla.

   - This stretch is about 43 kilometers and typically takes around 1 hour.

3. *Dambulla to Polonnaruwa:*

   - From Dambulla, proceed on the A11 highway directly to Polonnaruwa.

   - This final segment is approximately 63 kilometers and usually takes about 1.5 hours.

This route is well-traveled and offers good road conditions, making it suitable for a comfortable drive.

*Alternative Route:*

An alternative route involves taking the B615 road southeast from Dambulla to Bakamuna, then turning left onto the B112 towards Polonnaruwa. 

While this route may be shorter in distance, it involves smaller roads that might not be as well-maintained, potentially affecting travel time and comfort.

*Public Transportation Options:*

- *Bus:* Regular buses operate from Colombo to Polonnaruwa, with travel times around 4 to 5 hours. 

- *Train:* Sri Lanka Railways offers train services from Colombo Fort Station to Polonnaruwa, with journeys taking approximately 5 to 6 hours. 

*Note:* Travel times can vary based on traffic, weather conditions, and the specific route taken. It's advisable to check current road conditions and transportation schedules before starting your journey.